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History
Benelli was established in Pesaro, Italy, in 1911. Teresa
Benelli, a widow, sank all of the family capital into the business in the hope
that it would offer stable work for her six sons: Giuseppe, Giovanni,
Francesco, Filippo, Domenico and Antonio ("Tonino").
In the beginning, it was just the Benelli Garage, which repaired cars and motorcycles, but was already able to produce all of the spare parts needed for repairs. In 1920 the company built its first complete engine in-house, a single-cylinder two-stroke 75 cc model, immediately adapted to a bicycle frame. A year later in 1921, Benelli built its first motorcycle with its OWN engine which had by then become a 98 cc model. Two years after that, using a version specially designed for competitions, Tonino the "terrible" took to the track. He displayed an extraordinary natural talent as a rider and embarked on a very successful career which confirmed the company's exceptional capacity for development and production. Riding a Benelli 175, Tonino Benelli won four Italian championship titles in five years: in 1927, 1928 and 1930 with the single overhead camshaft version, and in 1931 with the double overhead camshaft version. Unfortunately, a bad crash during a race in 1932 cut short his brilliant career and on 27 September 1937 Tonino died following a "silly" road accident. As World war 2 loomed, the Benelli company debuted their four-cylinder supercharged 250cc racing bike. This was intended to compete in the 1940 season, building on Benelli's success in the 1939 Isle of Man TT Lightweight 250 cc race. With the start of the war, the Benelli 4 was limited to competition in a handful of Italian domestic races. Beyond World War 2
Wartime destruction caused Benelli to remain out of production
until 1949. When production resumed, designs were still largely based on those
of the pre-war period. During 1949, Guiseppe Benelli left the family concern
to found the Motobi marque.
By 1951 Benelli was offering a range consisting of 98cc and 125cc lightweights (the Leoncino or lion cub) and 350cc and 500cc singles. The Leoncino was available in both two-stroke and four-stroke forms. The need for cheap transport in post-war Italy meant that these lightweight models became immensely successful . Similar models were offered by Moto Guzzi, Ducati and Laverda, and the same economic conditions led to the growth in popularity of Vespa and Lambretta scooters. In 1962, Benelli and Motobi produced around 300 motorcycles a day and had 550 employees. The de Tomaso years
Towards the end of the 1960s, the arrival of Japanese
manufacturers caused a crisis in the European motorcycle industry. The
original Benelli company was heavily involved in the American motorcycle
market, selling motorcycles under 350cc through Montgomery-Ward. The advent of
competition from Japan lead to Benelli products (still largely of single
cylinder pushrod design) losing popularity as they were perceived as
old-fashioned in comparison to Hondas of the era which sported overhead cam
engines with electric starters, in much the same way as the British Motorcycle
industry was affected in the larger capacity sector.
Benelli changed ownership but despite its continued innovations in the motorcycle sector - for example, the incredible in-line six-cylinder engines introduced in the late-70s - it was still losing important market segments, overwhelmed by Japanese competition. This led to a temporary break in production. Renaissance
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